ABSTRACT
This research examines how news media portrayal of Covid-19 cases on cruise ships can produce decision biases. Two experiments were conducted in which news stories were varied according to format, base rate, framing and number size. The results demonstrate that prior cruise experience increases travel intentions and cruise image and lowers perceptions of cruise risk. Perceived risk is higher when the number of cases is presented in concrete numbers versus abstract percentages. Negative framing increases perceptions of cruise risk versus positive framing, especially when expressed in small numbers. The results extend beyond Covid-19 by demonstrating that sensationalism in the news media can result in decision biases that over- emphasize negative outcomes and increases risk perceptions in the minds of consumers. The findings suggest travel companies should work together with news media outlets when crisis situations arise to shift away from sensationalism and provide concrete information that is useful for consumers.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 outbreak has the world gripped by fear and panic with its high velocity of infection. Based on the first three months of the global pandemic centred in Asia, this study investigates the relationship between the perception of COVID-19 on consumers' destination image towards Wuhan and China, and how risk perceptions and changes in destination image affect travel intention to the destinations. Findings illuminated that perceptions of COVID-19 do not have a direct effect on destination image. Instead, risk perception of travelling during the pandemic mediated its effects on the destination image of Wuhan and China. Theoretical and practical implications concerning the management of destination image for the recovery of tourism are discussed with future possibilities of this research. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
ABSTRACT
One of the most challenging issues confronting tour operators is how to improve consumers' travel intention after the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the immediacy of the situation, existing studies exploring this problem are necessarily limited. Based on a theory of reasoned action, this paper proposes a research model to investigate factors influencing consumers' travel intentions in the wake of the pandemic. Using structural equation modeling analysis of 826 consumers in China, the results showed that: (1) physical risk had the greatest negative impact on consumers' attitudes toward travel, followed by psychological risk;(2) physical risk had a negative effect on consumers' subjective norms, while the effect of psychological risk on consumers' subjective norms was not significant;(3) risk perception, including physical and psychological risk, affected consumers' travel intentions through subjective norms and attitudes;and (4) consumers' perceptions of the seriousness of the pandemic and travel experience act as a negative moderators between attitude toward travel and travel intentions. The conclusions of this study provide vital information for tour operators to create viable and sustainable operations in this time of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Sustainable Transportation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to identify the effects of message contents and framings that airline companies communicate with potential airline passengers during the COVID-19 pandemic to enhance behavioral intentions to engage in international air travel. A survey of 1300 respondents was conducted using the Posttest Control Group experimental design method. Several meaningful findings were generated. Among them, the "loss" message regarding cash-redeemable coupons was most effective in raising intentions to take an international flight and obtaining favorable assessments of the message contents. Covariates including income level, travel purpose, premium card ownership, perceived risk, importance of airline brand, and sanitation were significant in determining the intention to take international flights. The results of this study can help with establishing promotional strategies to foster international travel in the post-pandemic era. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
Sport consumers may respond to times of crisis (e.g. pandemic) in different ways depending on a number of factors related to their decision-making. When it comes to decisions related to traveling to attend or participate in sport events, some of these factors include life goals, emotions, and related risk-seeking attitudes that permeate the psychology of the consumer. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the influence of emotions formed during a crisis, risk-seeking attitudes and relevant life goals on intentions to travel to attend or participate in sport events during times of crisis (i.e. pandemic). Survey data were collected from 412 Amazon M-Turk respondents in May 2020 using the web survey platform Qualtrics. The results revealed that positive and negative emotions, along with risk-seeking attitudes and the goals to be healthy and have a rich social life explained 41.8% of variance in intentions to travel to attend or participate in a sport event. The goal to be healthy had a significant negative influence on intentions to travel to attend or participate in sport events while the goal to have a rich social life had a significant positive influence on intentions. Positive and negative emotions and risk-seeking attitudes were also found to significantly influence intentions. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
ABSTRACT
Understanding tourist behavior during and after major tourism crises is essential to help destinations recover. The COVID-19 pandemic - a period of uncertainty and risk - makes it relevant to assess factors that influence travel intentions. There has been little research on tourist behavior during health crises and, in particular, on perceived health risk and uncertainty effects on travel intentions. This study was carried out at the beginning of the pandemic in Brazil and aims to investigate the role of health risk perception and intolerance of uncertainty on travel intentions for 2020 and 2021. We applied an online survey to 1150 Brazilian participants from April to May 2020. Our findings indicate that perceived COVID-19 severity, perceived probability of infection, and expected duration of the pandemic are significant predictors of travel intentions for both years. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of crisis-resistant tourists' characteristics and provides insights for destinations' recovery.
ABSTRACT
Perceived risks and safety concerns are strong predictors of travel intentions. This research examines the effectiveness of the COVID-19 infection rate presentation format in changing respondents' risk perceptions and travel intentions to a COVID-19-affected destination. In two experimental studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, participants (N = 1219) received information on infection rates in one of four mathematically equivalent formats: raw numbers, percentages, N-in-NX ratio, and 1-in-X ratio. Three distinct components of risk perception were measured: affective, analytical, and experiential. Results show that the infection rate presented using percentages increased the intention to travel compared to that presented using an N-in-NX ratio and raw numbers. Moreover, the infection rate presented using a 1-in-X ratio decreased the intention to travel compared to that presented using an N-in-NX ratio and percentages. These findings are in line with two apparently inconsistent phenomena: the ratio bias, according to which ratios with larger numerators induce a higher perceived infection risk than ratios with smaller ones, and the 1-in-X effect, according to which ratios with "1" at the numerator induce a higher perceived infection risk than ratios with other numbers at the numerator. Additionally, the effect of numerical formats on travel intentions was fully mediated by affective and analytical risk perceptions but only partially by experiential risk perceptions. Overall, the findings show the importance of the format used to present infection rates on changing individuals' travel intentions.
ABSTRACT
Examination of tourist behaviour during and after the crisis is of great importance for understanding and coping with the harmful effects of the crisis. The study aims to discover the impact of perceived risks, health status, and travel experience on proximal travel intentions during the Covid-19 outbreak. Perceived risks that coronavirus brought reshaped the collective awareness and altered typical travel habits. The research involved 1109 respondents from four Balkan countries who participated in an online survey at the first peak of the pandemic (April 2020). According to the results, perceived risk negatively influenced travel intentions. The study presumed the positive influence of previous travel experience on travel intentions and indicated its negative impact on risk perception. Results showed that subjective health condition positively affected travel intention and had no significant effect on risk perception. The profound uncertainty that the tourism sector experienced is primarily reflected in an immense impact on the travel possibilities and changes in tourist preferences. This study offers an insight into peoples' travel intentions influenced by a global health crisis, reflecting specific risk negation when it comes to the timing of after-crisis travel plans.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant changes in all spheres of public life. Economically, as well as in terms of behavioural change, tourism has been one of the most affected sectors and nearly two years after the crisis began, the future is still unclear. This paper focuses on changes in tourist behaviour by tracking the shifts and persisting patterns within a one-year period. The study is based on two surveys conducted online in April 2020 and April 2021 and display the trends for a very specific and understudied context – a European country characterized by general distrust to the severity of the virus as well as towards imposed measures against the disease distribution at both national and international levels. Our findings question the wide-spread assumption that health-related concerns are the primary factor affecting tourist behaviour in the pandemic and identify travel restrictions and income as having major significance. Another important observation is the lack of significant changes within the study period, which examines two different situations: the onset of the pandemic that brought a great shock at all levels and a year later, when both objective circumstances and subjective perceptions were not expected to be the same. © 2022 The Author(s).
ABSTRACT
Tourism is sensitive to shocks, and the Covid pandemic has profoundly changed sector dynamics. Although wine tourism is primarily a form of proximity tourism, the pandemic may have aff ected wine travellers behaviour and intention to go on a wine holiday. This exploratory study proposes a comprehensive analysis of the impact of Covid-related fear and anxiety on wine tourism intentions aft er the fi rst lockdown while jointly considering the eff ects of solidarity, situational and personal involvement with wine. An online survey was delivered to a sample of 553 wine tourists from Italy and France, two major wine tourism destinations. Results highlight changes in wine travel patterns aft er the pandemic, which boosted post-lockdown wine tourism intentions. Indeed, the latter are poorly impacted by fear of contagion while it is enhanced by dedicating time to wine in lockdown (i.e., situational involvement) and by willingness to support local wine producers. Implications for sectors stakeholders are suggested. © 2022. Giulia Gastaldello, Florine Livat, Luca Rossetto. This is an open access, peer-reviewed article published by Firenze University Press (http://www.fupress.com/wep) and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to explore Chinese residents' outbound travel intentions and preparations in the post-pandemic world that are influenced by media coverage and risk perception. A conceptual model is proposed to test the structural relationships among media coverage, risk perception, outbound travel intentions and preparations. This study administered an online survey to Chinese residents who had outbound travel experiences, and a total of 441 valid responses were collected for data analysis. The results indicated that media coverage exerted significant impact on cognitive and affective risk perceptions, outbound travel intentions and preparations. Furthermore, cognitive risk perception was positively related to affective risk perception, which significantly influenced outbound travel intentions and preparations. Outbound travel intentions were verified as the determinant of outbound travel preparations. Additionally, the mediating roles of affective risk perception and outbound travel intentions were confirmed. This study is amongst the first to introduce the concept of outbound travel preparations as a new research avenue for post-pandemic outbound travel behaviour.
ABSTRACT
This paper examines the determinants of changes in future public transport use in Scotland after the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was distributed to 994 Scottish residents in order to identify travel habits, attitudes and preferences during the different phases of the COVID-19 outbreak and travel intentions after the pandemic. Quota constraints were enforced for age, gender and household income to ensure the sample was representative of the Scottish population. The respondents indicated that they anticipated they would make less use of buses and trains at the end of the pandemic. Over a third expect to use buses (36%) and trains (34%) less, whilst a quarter expect to drive their cars more. As part of the analysis, a random parameter bivariate probit model with heterogeneity in the means of random parameters was estimated to provide insights into the socio-demographic, behavioural and perceptual factors which might affect future public transport usage. The inclusion of random parameters allows for the potential effects of unobserved heterogeneity within the independent variables to be captured, whilst making allowances for heterogeneity in the means of the random parameters. The model estimation showed that several factors, including pre-lockdown travel choices, perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, household size and region significantly affected intended future use of public transport. In addition, several variables related to age, region, pre-lockdown travel choices and employment status resulted in random parameters. The current paper contributes to our understanding of the potential loss of demand for public transport and the consequences for future equitable and sustainable mobility. Our findings are highly relevant for transport policy when developing measures to strengthen the resilience of the public transport system during and after the pandemic.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to identify structural relationships between factors affecting domestic tourism intentions in Iran under COVID-19 conditions, taking into account the importance of behavioral intention in predicting behavior. Therefore, it adds to the emerging body of knowledge about travel intentions during the pandemic. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze 383 online questionnaires, which revealed a positive impact of "frequency of past travel" and a negative effect of "Covid-19 risk knowledge," "perceived risk," and "risk aversion attitudes" on "travel intentions." Furthermore, "perceived risk" and "risk aversion attitudes" mediated the relationship between "frequency of past travel" and "Covid-19 risk knowledge" with "travel intentions." Meanwhile, "socio-demographic variables" and "travel purposes" moderated the relationships between "risk aversion attitudes" and "travel intentions" and between "perceived risks" and "travel intentions." The findings enable tourism policy-makers, marketers, and businesses to take purposeful measures to recover domestic tourism.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to identify the effects of message contents and framings that airline companies communicate with potential airline passengers during the COVID-19 pandemic to enhance behavioral intentions to engage in international air travel. A survey of 1300 respondents was conducted using the Posttest Control Group experimental design method. Several meaningful findings were generated. Among them, the “loss” message regarding cash-redeemable coupons was most effective in raising intentions to take an international flight and obtaining favorable assessments of the message contents. Covariates including income level, travel purpose, premium card ownership, perceived risk, importance of airline brand, and sanitation were significant in determining the intention to take international flights. The results of this study can help with establishing promotional strategies to foster international travel in the post-pandemic era.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: This paper determines how travel intentions can be predicted using self-disclosure behaviour, trust and intimacy. This case study focuses on Tinder users who utilised the application's Passport feature which allowed them to travel virtually and interact with other users around the globe amid global travel restrictions. Design/methodology/approach: This quantitative research conveniently sampled 294 Tinder users who used the Passport feature during COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. Data were analysed using PLS-SEM. Findings: This study revealed that self-disclosure had a significant influence towards future travel intentions. Findings show that the more users self-disclose, the more their intent to travel increase. Trust and intimacy also had significant relationship on travel intentions while intimacy had a mediating effect between self-disclosure and travel intentions. Practical implications: Tourism-oriented establishments and destination marketers should consider Tinder users as a market segment of future tourists. These users have developed travel intentions through in-app interactions and thus comprise an untapped market of potential tourists seeking for meet-ups and niche experiences in a post-pandemic era. Originality/value: This study provides novelty in showing the predictive relationship of self-disclosure, trust and intimacy towards travel intentions. A model consisting of these constructs in the context of online interactions was also empirically tested and found adequate to predict travel intentions. © 2022, Kyrie Eleison Munoz.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 outbreak has the world gripped by fear and panic with its high velocity of infection. Based on the first three months of the global pandemic centred in Asia, this study investigates the relationship between the perception of COVID-19 on consumers’ destination image towards Wuhan and China, and how risk perceptions and changes in destination image affect travel intention to the destinations. Findings illuminated that perceptions of COVID-19 do not have a direct effect on destination image. Instead, risk perception of travelling during the pandemic mediated its effects on the destination image of Wuhan and China. Theoretical and practical implications concerning the management of destination image for the recovery of tourism are discussed with future possibilities of this research. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
ABSTRACT
The novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has had a tremendous impact on the travel and tourism industry worldwide. This study investigates the various factors that affect travel intention (TINT) in public taxi services post COVID-19 lockdown in Chennai City. The primary data was collected from 296 respondents through a questionnaire survey, mainly from frequent travellers that use rental taxis in Chennai. This study extended the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in the travel intention context. The respondents' data was analysed using reliability, multi-collinearity, factor analysis, and regression techniques. The results show that perceived severity harms travel intention, which offers travellers a hesitation to travel because of the COVID-19 threat. Based on the research data, travellers' feedback and suggestions, strategies to improve the taxi rental service in Chennai City are proposed.
ABSTRACT
The tourism sector has been deeply ravaged by the COVID-19 pandemic as many individuals abstained entirely from travel. Thus, before contemplating the trajectory of the sector's recovery, it is essential to understand individuals' travel intentions both during and after the pandemic. The present study contributes in this regard by examining the impact of individuals' personality traits categorised by the five-factor model, or the Big Five, on their leisure travel intentions during and after the pandemic. To this end, we utilised an artificial neural network (ANN) approach to analyse 500 responses from individuals residing in Japan. The results reveal that extraversion has the strongest relative influence on intentions to travel during the pandemic, whereas openness to experience has the strongest influence on travel intentions after the pandemic. This study is the first of its kind to examine the influence of the Big Five personality traits on travel intentions in the context of a pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Major life events like COVID-19 have the potential to change how people think about and use transport systems. The COVID-19 pandemic has created an extended period of disruption in peoples' lives and could result in long-term changes towards travel attitudes, and use of transport services. There has previously been little research available on changes towards travel attitudes and use of domestic travel as a result of pandemics. To investigate the changes in attitudes to travel resulting from COVID-19 we distributed a survey to 787 respondents in Australia and New Zealand asking about car use, car sharing, public transport, and air travel before, during, and after COVID-19 travel restrictions. The results showed attitudes towards travel were negatively affected, particularly attitudes towards public transport and international air travel. Further, although respondents indicated some recovery in attitudes when asked to consider when travel restrictions were removed, they did not recover to the levels of positivity seen pre-COVID. There were slight differences between the two countries in their post-COVID attitudes, possibly due to their different experience of travel restriction. Both countries, however, may be useful as a preview for the rest of the world given the early cessation of the COVID-19 pandemic at the time of the survey.